Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iso-Caloric combinations of exercise and Caloric Restriction on insulin sensitivity of obese male rats.Materials and Methods: Fifty-six, eight-week-old male Wistar rats (190±16 g) were primarily divided into the obesity (n=48) and healthy groups (n=8) and were fed high-fat and standard palate for seventeen weeks respectively. After obesity induction, the obesity group was randomly assigned to one of six groups, i.e. EXE, CR, EXCR1, EXCR2, and EXCR3 as experimental groups and OC as the control group following which 15% of food intake was reduced. Their exercise intensity was about 70-75% vo2max, 28 m/min for 48 to 55 minutes. Negative energy balance was applied through Caloric Restriction (CR) (6d/w); exercise training (EXE) (6d/w), in three combinations: EXCR1 (2d/w exercise +4d/w CR, (EXCR2 (3d/w exercise+3d/w CR) and EXCR3 (4d/w exercise+2d/w CR) for two months. One way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc were applied for data analysis by SPSS version 16 (p<0.05).Results: Serum glucose levels of EXE, CR, EXCR1, EXCR2 and EXCR3 significantly decreased compared to the OC group. Plasma CR and EXCR3 insulin were significantly decreased, in comparison to OC insulin level. Compared to OC, insulin sensitivity was significantly elevated in CR and EXCR2.Conclusion: It is concluded that exercise and Caloric Restriction, both per se and in different combinations reduced obesity elevated induced serum glucose. However Caloric Restriction and EXCR2 and Caloric Restriction lead to significant increase in insulin sensitivity. It is recommended to consider equal doses of exercise and Caloric Restriction which may improve insulin sensitivity.

Introduction: Caloric Restriction (CR) has been considered as a kind of diet therapy for some neurological diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of CR on the seizure behavior induced in rats.Materials & Methods: CR was applied with deprivation of food and water for 24 hours every other day for a period of four weeks. Seizure induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection. Animals in CR1 group were accessed Caloric Restriction before PTZ injection. Animals in CR2 group were accessed Caloric Restriction after PTZ injection. Animals in CR3 group were accessed Caloric Restriction before and after PTZ injection.Results: The scores of seizure behaviors were significantly decreased in groups of animals that received CR before PTZ injection.Conclusion: These findings suggest the CR reduces scores of seizure behaviour and may be helpful in the refractory epilepsy.

We have previously shown that the proliferative response of T cells to antigenic or mitogenic stimulus decreased with age and that Caloric resection (CR) attenuated the age-related decline in proliferation and IL-2 expression. Because activation-induced apoptosis is known to regulate cell proliferation and eliminate the high number of activated cells during an immune response, it was of interest to determine what effect aging or CR has on activation-induced apoptosis in T cells. Splenic T cells isolated from young (6-month) and old (25-month) mice fed ad libitum (control group) and from old (24-month) mice fed a restricted diet (40% Caloric Restriction) that began at 6 weeks of age. T cells were stimulated with superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or anti-CD3 antibody (primary stimulus) for 72 to 96 h, followed by restimulation with anti-CD3 (secondary stimulus). Activation-induced apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation assay and the expression Fas/CD95 and Fas-ligand (Fas-L) was measured by flow cytometry. We found that the amount of DNA fragmentation was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the stimulated and restimulated T cells from old control mice and old Caloric restricted mice compared to young control mice. The increase in DNA fragmentation with age was paralleled with an increase in the proportion of the cells expressing Fas and Fas-L. However, CR had no significant effect on the age-related increase in DNA fragmentation, Fas, or Fas-L expression. We also measured the Bcl-2 and Bax protein level and found that the level of Bcl-2 decreased and Bax increased with age and that CR had no effect on the age-related changes in the level of Bcl-2 or Bax protein. These results demonstrate that aging but not CR alters activation-induced apoptosis in mice T cells.

Background and Aim: Excessive fat accumulation is one of the most important mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Accordingly, in this study, we will examine the effect of Caloric Restriction on lipid coat proteins that prevent lipolysis of the adipose tissue. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 weight) were used. First, rats were divided into 2 groups (standard and high-calorie diet). After 8 weeks, the high-calorie diet group was randomly assigned to two subgroups: Caloric Restriction and high-fat diet. Finally, the amount of perilipin 1 and 5 genes expression evaluated by Pcr and insulin resistance evaluated by HOMA index. Findings: The weight and insulin resistance of the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the standard and calorie Restriction group (p≤ 0. 005). Insulin resistance was not significantly different between the Caloric Restriction and standard group (p = 0. 394). The expression of perilipin 1 in the adipose tissue of the high-fat diet was significantly higher than the Caloric Restriction group (p ≤ 0. 005). The expression of perilipin 1 gene in skeletal muscle in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the calorie Restriction and standard diet groups (p≤ 0. 005). The calorie Restriction group had more perilipin 5 expressions than the high-fat diet and the standard group (p ≤ 0. 005). Conclusion: The Caloric Restriction may be due to the effect on lipid coat proteins and, as a result, a decrease in fat accumulation, that it can prevent insulin resistance.